What does 'thermal comfort' in building terms refer to?

Thermal comfort in building terms refers to a state where an individual feels neither too hot nor too cold. This concept is essential in the design and operation of HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems, as it directly affects the well-being and productivity of occupants. Thermal comfort is influenced by various factors, including air temperature, humidity, air movement, and the thermal properties of surrounding surfaces. Achieving this state means maintaining a balanced environment that meets the needs of individuals in a way that promotes comfort and health.

The other options relate to different aspects of indoor environmental quality but do not encapsulate the idea of thermal comfort. High humidity can affect comfort levels but is not synonymous with thermal comfort itself. Excessive airflow might lead to drafts, which can be uncomfortable, and while indoor air quality is important for overall health, it does not specifically address the temperature-related sensations that define thermal comfort. Thus, the essence of thermal comfort is about achieving a balanced thermal state that is neither too hot nor too cold for the individual.